Uses: treatment of moderately-severe insomnia.
Chemical Name: Loprazolam
Quantity: 30 tabs
Loprazolam (triazulenone) marketed under many brand names is a benzodiazepine medication. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, hypnotic, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. It is licensed and marketed for the short-term treatment of moderately-severe insomnia.
Medical uses
Insomnia can be described as a difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakening, early awakenings or a combination of each. Loprazolam is a short-acting benzodiazepine and is sometimes used in patients who have difficulty in maintaining sleep or have difficulty falling asleep. Hypnotics should only be used on a short-term basis or in those with chronic insomnia on an occasional basis.
Dose
The dose of loprazolam for insomnia is usually 1 mg but can be increased to 2 mg if necessary. In the elderly a lower dose is recommended due to more pronounced effects and a significant impairment of standing up to 11 hours after dosing of 1 mg of loprazolam. The half-life is much more prolonged in the elderly than in younger patients. A half-life of 19.8 hours has been reported in elderly patients. Patients and prescribing physicians should, however, bear in mind that higher doses of loprazolam may impair long-term memory functions.
Side effects
Side effects of loprazolam are generally the same as for other benzodiazepines such as diazepam. The most significant difference in side effects of loprazolam and diazepam is it is less prone to day time sedation as the half-life of loprazolam is considered to be intermediate whereas diazepam has a very long half-life. The side effects of loprazolam are the following:
drowsiness
paradoxical increase in aggression
lightheadedness
confusion
muscle weakness
ataxia (particularly in the elderly)
amnesia
headache
vertigo
hypotension
salivation changes
gastro-intestinal disturbances
visual disturbances
dysarthria
tremor
changes in libido
incontinence
urinary retention
blood disorders and jaundice
skin reactions
dependence and withdrawal reactions
Residual 'hangover' effects after nighttime administration of loprazolam such as sleepiness, impaired psychomotor and cognitive functions may persist into the next day which may increase risks of falls and hip fractures.
Tolerance, dependence and withdrawal
Loprazolam, like all other benzodiazepines, is recommended only for the short-term management of insomnia in the UK, owing to the risk of serious adverse effects such as tolerance, dependence and withdrawal, as well as adverse effects on mood and cognition. Benzodiazepines can become less effective over time, and patients can develop increasing physical and psychological adverse effects, e.g., agorophobia, gastrointestinal complaints, and peripheral nerve abnormalities such as burning and tingling sensations.
Loprazolam has a low risk of physical dependence and withdrawal if it is used for less than 4 weeks or very occasionally. However, one placebo-controlled study comparing 3 weeks of treatment for insomnia with either loprazolam or triazolam showed rebound anxiety and insomnia occurring 3 days after discontinuing loprazolam therapy, whereas with triazolam the rebound anxiety and insomnia was seen the next day. The differences between the two are likely due to the differing elimination half-lives of the two drugs. These results would suggest that loprazolam and possibly other benzodiazepines should be prescribed for 1–2 weeks rather than 2–4 weeks to reduce the risk of physical dependence, withdrawal, and rebound phenomenon.
Withdrawal symptoms
Slow reduction of the dosage over a period of months at a rate that the individual can tolerate greatly minimizes the severity of the withdrawal symptoms. Individuals who are benzodiazepine dependent often cross to an equivalent dose of diazepam to taper gradually, as diazepam has a longer half-life and small dose reductions can be achieved more easily.
anxiety and panic attacks
sweating
nightmares
insomnia
headache
tremor
nausea and vomiting
feelings of unreality
abnormal sensation of movement
hypersensitivity to stimuli
hyperventilation
flushing
sweating
palpitations
dimensional distortions of rooms and television pictures
paranoid thoughts and feelings of persecution
depersonalization
fears of going mad
heightened perception of taste, smell, sound, and light; photophobia
agoraphobia
clinical depression
poor memory and concentration
aggression
excitability
Somatic Symptoms
numbness
altered sensations of the skin
pain
stiffness
weakness in the neck, head, jaw, and limbs
muscle fasciculation, ranging from twitches to jerks, affecting the legs or shoulders
ataxia
paraesthesia
influenza-like symptoms
blurred double vision
menorrhagia
loss of or dramatic gain in appetite
thirst with polyuria
urinary incontinence
dysphagia
abdominal pain
diarrhoea
constipation
